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Related Concept Videos

Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Synaptic profiles during neurite extension, refinement and retraction in the developing cochlea.

Lin-Chien Huang1, Meagan Barclay, Kevin Lee

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

Neural Development
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

During auditory system development, transient synapses form on outer hair cells (OHCs) before retracting, while stable inner hair cell (IHC) synapses are consolidated. This study reveals distinct molecular profiles of these transient and stable synaptic connections.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae
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Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
11:45

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

Published on: February 10, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Auditory System Research

Background:

  • During development, the nervous system eliminates excess synapses to ensure correct connectivity.
  • In the auditory system, developing type I afferent fibers initially connect to both inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs).
  • Connections to OHCs are then eliminated, while IHC connections are stabilized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular composition of synaptic contacts on IHCs and OHCs during afferent fiber remodeling.
  • To understand the molecular events underlying the selective elimination of type I afferent fibers from OHCs.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the molecular makeup of synaptic contacts on IHCs and OHCs.
  • Utilized immunohistochemistry and microscopy to observe protein localization and distribution.
  • Analyzed the expression patterns of presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, including glutamate receptor subunits and scaffolding proteins.

Main Results:

  • Presynaptic ribbons initially formed at all afferent contacts, including transient ones on OHCs.
  • Transient OHC contacts showed a broad set of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, indicating functional synapses before retraction.
  • AMPA-type glutamate receptors and scaffolding proteins (Bassoon, Shank) were transiently present at OHCs but maintained at IHCs, with dynamic changes in AMPA receptor composition at IHCs around hearing onset.

Conclusions:

  • Differential expression of synaptic proteins distinguishes stable IHC synapses from transient OHC synapses.
  • The molecular profiles reflect the distinct developmental fates of these afferent connections.