Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...

Production of Organic Acids

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Facile and Efficient Bromination of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Molecular Analysis of Retrogradation of Corn Starches.

Polymers·2019

Same author

Short- and long-term retrogradation of potato starches with varying amylose content.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2018

Same author

Correction to "Relative Reactivities of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Specific Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectral Assignments of Acetyl Groups in Methyl α-d-Glucopyranoside Tetraacetate and Related Derivatives".

The Journal of organic chemistry·2018

Same author

Starch-metal complexes and metal compounds.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2017

Same author

Thixotropic properties of waxy potato starch depending on the degree of the granules pasting.

Carbohydrate polymers·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

Enzymatic conversions of starch.

Piotr Tomasik¹, Derek Horton

¹Krakow College of Health Promotion, Poland.

Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry

|December 11, 2012

Summary

This review explores enzymatic starch conversion methods, including hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, and their industrial applications. It covers microbial enzyme sources, fermentation, cyclodextrin production, and starch digestion enzymes.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Industrial Biotechnology
Enzymology

Background:

Starch is a crucial biopolymer with diverse industrial applications.
Enzymatic conversion offers efficient and specific methods for starch modification.
Understanding starch-degrading enzymes is vital for both industrial processes and biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To survey methods for enzymatic starch conversion.
To detail the role of enzymes and microorganisms in starch processing.
To present the applications of starch-derived products in various industries.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on starch hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes.
Analysis of microbial sources of starch-converting enzymes.

More Related Videos

High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release

High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release

Published on: September 15, 2015

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release

High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release

Published on: September 15, 2015

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Compilation of data on industrial applications and product properties.

Main Results:

Identified key enzymes (hydrolases, nonhydrolyzing) and their microbial sources.
Detailed applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and pulp industries.
Discussed starch fermentation to ethanol and cyclodextrin production.

Conclusions:

Enzymatic starch conversion is a versatile technology with broad industrial relevance.
Enzymes play critical roles in both industrial processing and biological starch digestion.
Further research can optimize enzymatic processes for novel starch-based products.