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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Exposure profiling of reactive compounds in complex mixtures.

Shilpi Goel1, Julie A Evans-Johnson1, Nadia I Georgieva1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute at The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.

Toxicology
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to detect multiple DNA and protein adducts from complex mixtures, improving carcinogen exposure assessment. The approach uses N-terminal valine adduct profiles for comprehensive biomonitoring in risk assessment.

Keywords:
1,2 epoxy-3-butene1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane1,3-butadiene1-hydroxy (or 2-hydroxy)-propyl-valine1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl-valine or 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl-valine2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl-valine3,4-epoxy-1,2-butanediolBDBiomarkersBiomonitoringDEBEBEB-diolENUENU-ValEt-ValFAH(2)N-ValHB-ValHP-ValHbIALC–MS/MSMMSMe-ValMixturesMultiple exposure detectionN,N-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butadiyl)-valineN-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)-valineN-ethyl-N-nitrosoureaN-terminal valine adductsPOSOSO-ValTHB-Valcarbamoylated-valineethyl-valineformic acidhemoglobinimmunoaffinityliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometrymethyl-methanesulfonatemethyl-valinenon-alkylated-valinepropylene oxidepyr-Valstyrene oxide

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Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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09:38

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Biomarker Development

Background:

  • Humans are exposed to complex mixtures containing numerous carcinogens from sources like tobacco smoke and vehicle exhaust.
  • DNA and protein adducts are key biomarkers for internal dose and risk assessment, but current methods struggle to detect a wide spectrum simultaneously.
  • Existing studies on individual adducts offer limited insight into the health risks posed by complex mixture exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for comprehensive exposure assessment using N-terminal valine adduct profiles.
  • To overcome the limitations of detecting individual adducts and enable simultaneous detection of a broad spectrum of adducts.
  • To establish a proof-of-principle for a new biomonitoring approach for complex mixture exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of an established immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to enrich all N-terminal valine alkylated peptides.
  • In vitro evaluation using alkylated peptide standards and globin reacted with various known alkylating agents.
  • Application of the method to globin from mice treated with model compounds to demonstrate in vivo applicability.

Main Results:

  • The modified LC-MS/MS method successfully enriched N-terminal valine alkylated peptides.
  • The method demonstrated proof-of-principle in both in vitro experiments with standards and in vivo experiments with mouse globin.
  • The results indicate the potential for comprehensive detection of adducts formed by exposure to complex chemical mixtures.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for comprehensive exposure assessment using N-terminal valine adduct profiles has been developed.
  • This approach overcomes previous technical limitations in simultaneously detecting a broad spectrum of adducts.
  • The findings suggest this method is a promising tool for in vivo biomonitoring and improved risk assessment of complex environmental exposures.