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Related Concept Videos

Singularity Functions for Shear01:26

Singularity Functions for Shear

In structural analysis, singularity functions are crucial in simplifying the representation of shear forces in beams under discontinuous loading. These functions describe discontinuous variations in shear force across a beam with varying loads by using a single mathematical expression, regardless of the complexity of the loading conditions. The singularity functions are derived from creating a free-body diagram of the beam and then making conceptual cuts at specific points to examine the shear...
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Deflection of a Beam

Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
Singularity functions, described in an earlier lesson, are powerful mathematical tools that represent discontinuities within a function commonly encountered in structural loading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
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Published on: December 16, 2022

Balance function in patients with Williams syndrome.

Stefania Barozzi1, Daniela Soi, Chiara Gagliardi

  • 1Audiology Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, I-20122 Milano, Italy. stefania.barozzi@unimi.it

Gait & Posture
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

People with Williams syndrome (WS) exhibit impaired balance control, showing greater postural sway than healthy individuals, especially when relying on visual input. This instability suggests an atypical developmental trajectory in balance function.

Keywords:
BalanceStatic posturographyWilliams syndrome

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07:42

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Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with known balance deficits.
  • Objective measurement of postural sway in WS is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively investigate balance function in individuals with Williams syndrome using instrumental tests.
  • To quantify postural sway in WS patients compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Static posturography was performed on 23 WS patients and 23 healthy controls.
  • Tests included eyes open/closed conditions on firm and foam surfaces.
  • Stabilometric parameters (length, velocity, surface) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • WS patients demonstrated significantly higher postural sway (length, velocity, surface) than controls across all conditions.
  • Elevated sway was particularly pronounced in WS patients during eyes-open tests.
  • Cognitive abilities did not correlate with stabilometric performance.

Conclusions:

  • Williams syndrome patients exhibit greater instability than healthy peers, particularly when using visual information.
  • This suggests an atypical developmental trajectory of postural control, possibly linked to visuospatial processing deficits.
  • Balance differences are more pronounced in older WS individuals, indicating a divergence after adolescence.