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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

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Published on: December 6, 2016

Central sleep apnea: does stabilizing sleep improve it?

Sejal V Jain1, Narong Simakajornboon, Todd M Arthur

  • 11Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustained-release melatonin improved central sleep apnea (CSA) in a child with Angelman syndrome. This treatment reduced nighttime awakenings and breathing pauses, suggesting a potential new therapy for pediatric neurological disorders with CSA.

Keywords:
Angelman syndromeepilepsysleep apneasustained-release melatonin

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Central sleep apnea (CSA) frequently affects children with neurological disorders.
  • Mechanisms include heightened chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide.
  • Current treatments involve oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and cardiac output optimization for heart failure patients.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old male with Angelman syndrome, epilepsy, and insomnia presented with nighttime awakenings and breathing pauses.
  • Polysomnography confirmed central sleep apnea.
  • Sustained-release melatonin was administered to address awakenings.

Findings:

  • Sustained-release melatonin led to reduced arousals and improved insomnia.
  • Repeat polysomnography demonstrated improvement in central sleep apnea.
  • The patient experienced fewer nighttime awakenings and breathing pauses.

Implications:

  • Sustained-release melatonin may improve central sleep apnea in children with neurological conditions by enhancing sleep continuity and decreasing arousals.
  • This case suggests a potential therapeutic role for melatonin in managing CSA associated with Angelman syndrome and similar disorders.
  • Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore melatonin's efficacy in pediatric CSA.