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Dual response of human leukemia U937 cells to hypertonic shrinkage: initial regulatory volume increase (RVI) and

Valentina E Yurinskaya¹, Alexey V Moshkov, Anna V Wibberley

¹Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia.

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology

|December 11, 2012

Summary

Human U937 cells undergoing osmotic stress show that apoptosis can occur even in cells that can regulate their volume. This study clarifies the interplay between volume regulatory increase (RVI) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) during cell death.

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Apoptosis research
Cell volume regulation

Background:

Osmotic cell shrinkage is a known trigger for apoptosis.
Apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) parallels and enforces cell death.
Cells employ volume regulatory increase (RVI) to counteract shrinkage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the response of human U937 cells to hypertonic solutions.
To elucidate the relationship between RVI and AVD in programmed cell death.

Main Methods:

Monitoring cell water, monovalent ions, and apoptotic markers over 0.5-4 hours.
Measuring intracellular water, K+, Na+, Cl-, and Rb+ influxes using cell density, flame emission, and 36Cl- assays.
Utilizing fluorescent microscopy with acridine orange and ethidium bromide to confirm apoptosis.

Main Results:

Hypertonic incubation led to cell population splitting into healthy (light) and apoptotic (heavy) fractions.
Cell density changes reflected opposing RVI and AVD effects.
Apoptosis progressed in cells initially exhibiting RVI, indicating a transition from regulation to cell death.

Conclusions:

Apoptosis can develop in cells that possess the capability for volume regulatory increase (RVI).
The study demonstrates that RVI does not prevent apoptosis under sustained osmotic stress.