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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

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Leukemic hypopyon in acute myeloid leukemia.

Florian Alten1, Karoline Ehlert, Michael R Böhm

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. florian.alten@ukmuenster.de

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Leukemic hypopyon uveitis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare in children. This case highlights the importance of anterior chamber aspiration for diagnosing ocular inflammation in AML patients without systemic relapse.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Leukemic hypopyon uveitis is an uncommon ocular manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • This condition is particularly rare in pediatric patients, especially during remission phases.

Observation:

  • A 2½-year-old boy with relapsed AML, in second remission, presented with acute ocular symptoms including pain and photophobia.
  • Ocular examination revealed a viscous hypopyon and a myotic pupil, unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment.

Findings:

  • Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples showed no evidence of systemic AML relapse.
  • Anterior chamber aspiration identified atypical blasts, confirming leukemic infiltration of the eye.

Implications:

  • Anterior chamber aspiration and cytology are crucial for differentiating leukemic hypopyon from other intraocular inflammatory conditions in AML.
  • This case represents the first reported instance of leukemic hypopyon uveitis in a child with AML in remission, without concurrent systemic relapse.