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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

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Related Experiment Video

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Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Multicomponent and multimodal lipsmacking in crested macaques (Macaca nigra).

Jérôme Micheletta1, Antje Engelhardt, Lee Matthews

  • 1Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. jerome.micheletta@port.ac.uk

American Journal of Primatology
|December 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimodal primate communication, like the crested macaque

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Area of Science:

  • Primate communication
  • Ethology
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Primate signals are often dynamic and multimodal.
  • Studying signal components in isolation or displays as static wholes limits understanding.
  • Crested macaques use lipsmacks, primarily for affiliation, which can be multimodal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the composition of lipsmack displays influences social interaction outcomes.
  • To assess the role of multimodal signaling in primate communication.
  • To control for relationship quality in analyzing signal effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of crested macaque (Macaca nigra) social interactions.
  • Analysis of lipsmack displays, considering visual and acoustic components.
  • Statistical control for existing relationship quality between individuals.

Main Results:

  • Lipsmacks combining visual and vocal components (multimodal signals) increased affiliative contact probability.
  • Multimodal signaling enhances the communicative value of lipsmacks.
  • Specific visual components influenced outcomes, though the total number did not.

Conclusions:

  • Lipsmack displays are complex, dynamic signals whose full function is revealed through multimodal analysis.
  • An integrative, multimodal approach is crucial for understanding primate communication complexity.
  • Multimodal signals enhance social bonding and affiliative interactions in crested macaques.