Headache versus nonheadache state: a study of electrophysiological and affective changes during muscle contraction...

Seventeen carefully screened muscle contraction headache sufferers were tested in both the headache and the nonheadache state. At baseline, forehead and trapezius EMG were higher, whereas finger temperature and finger blood volume were lower in the headache than the nonheadache state. At a borderline level, physiological reactivity was greater during the headache than the nonheadache state in response to a reaction-time stressor. During the headache state, subjects also reported themselves to be more anxious, depressed, and angry than they were in the nonheadache state and said they felt themselves to be more hassled by external stressors and less able to cope with, prevent, and control their headaches. The findings are consistent with the notion that shoulder/neck tension and emotional arousal contribute to tension headaches. Evidence is less clear for the contribution of vasomotor factors and general physiological reactivity.