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Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
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Published on: September 10, 2018

Action selection in multi-effector decision making.

Seth Madlon-Kay1, Bijan Pesaran, Nathaniel D Daw

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. seth.madlonkay@duke.edu

Neuroimage
|December 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex movements require coordinated actions. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) drives multi-effector action selection by communicating with motor regions, unlike effector-specific valuation for single actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Decision-making in motor control faces the curse of dimensionality, where the vast space of possible movements is challenging to search or represent.
  • Sensorimotor systems typically subdivide choices by representing values and actions separately for each effector, effective for single-effector actions.
  • However, many actions, like playing a musical instrument, involve inseparable dependencies between effectors, requiring coordinated multi-effector action values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain handles decision-making for coordinated multi-effector actions.
  • To test the hypothesis that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), known for goods-based value signals, preferentially drives multi-effector action selection.
  • To compare brain activity during unimanual versus bimanual actions in reward learning tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity patterns in humans.
  • Participants engaged in reward learning tasks involving options selected via unimanual or bimanual actions.
  • The bimanual condition specifically coupled valuation across both hands, creating inseparable response requirements.

Main Results:

  • Value signals were identified in the bilateral medial motor cortex and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).
  • Medial motor value signals showed effector-specific, contralateral biases, while vmPFC signals lacked detectable effector specificity.
  • The vmPFC exhibited greater connectivity with the medial motor cortex during bimanual choices compared to unimanual choices, implicating the anterior mid-cingulate cortex as a hub.

Conclusions:

  • Valuation for unilateral actions relies on effector-specific networks.
  • Complex multi-effector actions preferentially involve communication between motor regions and prefrontal areas like the vmPFC.
  • This communication suggests increased top-down input from prefrontal regions to motor centers for guiding action selection in coordinated movements.