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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis.

Mariangela Farinotti1, Laura Vacchi, Silvana Simi

  • 1Neuroepidemiology Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy. farinotti@istituto-besta.it.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) show no significant effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression but may slightly reduce relapses. More research is needed due to uncertain quality of current evidence on PUFAs and vitamin supplements for MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Dietary interventions, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamins, are commonly used by multiple sclerosis (MS) patients seeking improved outcomes.
  • Patients often use these diets to complement conventional treatments, driven by belief in their potential efficacy.
  • This review is an update of previous Cochrane reviews on dietary interventions for MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary regimens for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To determine if dietary changes can serve as an effective intervention for MS.
  • To assess known and measured side effects and interactions of dietary interventions with other treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to November 2011.
  • Included controlled trials (RCTs and CCTs) of specific dietary interventions or supplements, excluding vitamin D.
  • Data were analyzed using random-effects models for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences for continuous data.

Main Results:

  • Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 794 patients investigated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
  • PUFAs did not significantly impact MS disease progression at 24 months; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids showed no clear benefits.
  • Limited evidence suggested potential benefits of omega-6 fatty acids on relapse rates, but trial quality was poor, precluding safety and patient-reported outcome assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) do not appear to significantly affect multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression but may slightly reduce relapse frequency.
  • The current evidence on PUFA supplementation is insufficient to determine real benefits or harms due to uncertain study quality.
  • More research is required to establish the effectiveness and safety of various dietary interventions, including vitamin and antioxidant supplements, for MS management.