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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers

Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
06:57

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

Cardiac autonomic function in healthy young smokers.

Alim Erdem1, Suzi Selim Ayhan2, Serkan Öztürk2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey Government Hospital, Sivas, Turkey cardiology14@gmail.com.

Toxicology and Industrial Health
|December 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Young smokers exhibit impaired cardiac autonomic function, specifically in heart rate turbulence (HRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Nicotine dependence correlates with these changes, underscoring the need for smoking cessation.

Keywords:
Smokingcardiac automaticityheart rate turbulenceheart rate variabilitynicotine-dependence index

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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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09:45

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children

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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
06:39

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements

Published on: August 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function
  • Tobacco Research

Background:

  • Smoking is a prevalent habit among young adults.
  • Cardiac autonomic function plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health.
  • Previous research suggests smoking negatively impacts cardiovascular parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of smoking on cardiac autonomic function in young smokers.
  • To compare heart rate turbulence (HRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters between smokers and non-smokers.
  • To assess the relationship between nicotine dependence and cardiac autonomic function.

Main Methods:

  • Inclusion of 75 young smokers (<40 years) and 30 non-smokers.
  • Evaluation of smoking addiction using the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence index (NDI).
  • Comparison of HRT, HRV, clinical, echocardiographic, and Holter test parameters between groups.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in basic clinical and echocardiographic variables between groups.
  • Significantly higher Turbulence Onset (TO) and lower Turbulence Slope in smokers compared to controls.
  • Standard deviation of NN interval index (SDNNI) was the only significantly different HRV parameter (p < 0.05).
  • Positive correlation found between NDI and TO (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Smoking impairs baroregulatory function in young smokers.
  • HRT parameters and SDNNI are particularly affected by smoking.
  • Findings emphasize the critical importance of complete smoking cessation for cardiovascular health.