Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
Published on: January 7, 2019
A nosological review of depressive disorders based on observations in clinical practice, Part 2: a working typology
1North Metropolitan Mental Health Service, 6 Lemnos St, Shenton Park, WA 6008, Australia. sam.restifo@health.wa.gov.au
Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the essential nosological differentiation between melancholic and non-melancholic forms of depression with a view to promoting a meaningful, working typology for clinicians. The paper primarily comprises observations and reflections drawn from clinical practice.
Conclusions:
The most specific symptoms of melancholic depression are described, as are the main varieties of non-melancholic 'depression', including demoralisation, grief, loneliness, existential depression and depressive personality.
Related Concept Videos
Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Depression: Overview
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
