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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
12:10

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Published on: September 16, 2009

OPTN/SRTR 2011 Annual Data Report: heart.

M Colvin-Adams1, J M Smith, B M Heubner

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The number of adult heart transplant candidates rose, while transplant rates declined. However, wait-list mortality decreased, and graft survival improved over time.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
12:10

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Published on: September 16, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The number of adult candidates on the heart transplant waiting list has increased significantly since 2005.
  • Transplant rates have fluctuated, peaking in 2007 and declining by 2011.
  • Wait-list mortality has shown a downward trend over the last decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in heart transplant waiting lists, including candidate numbers, transplant rates, mortality, and time to transplant.
  • To evaluate graft survival rates and hospitalization frequencies post-heart transplant.
  • To examine pediatric heart transplant trends and the impact of a new allocation policy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national heart transplant waiting list data from 2005 to 2011.
  • Comparison of wait-list mortality rates, including patients with and without ventricular assist devices.
  • Assessment of median time to transplant and graft survival rates over time.
  • Examination of pediatric heart transplant rates and pre-transplant mortality by age group.

Main Results:

  • Adult heart transplant candidates increased by 19.2% since 2005; transplant rates declined from 2007 to 2011.
  • Wait-list mortality decreased, with comparable rates for ventricular assist device patients and non-device patients in 2010-2011.
  • Median time to transplant increased for patients listed in 2010-2011 compared to 2006-2007.
  • Graft survival has improved, but acute rejection and hospitalizations remain common.
  • Pediatric heart transplant rates were highest for infants, who also had the highest pre-transplant mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Despite increased wait-list candidates and fluctuating transplant rates, overall wait-list mortality has declined, and graft survival has improved.
  • Ventricular assist devices appear to mitigate mortality risk on the wait-list.
  • Pediatric heart transplant outcomes, particularly for infants, require continued monitoring and potential policy adjustments.
  • The long-term impact of the 2009 pediatric heart allocation policy on wait-list outcomes is yet to be determined.