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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
11:09

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Published on: March 25, 2012

Epigenetic regulation by long noncoding RNAs.

Jeannie T Lee1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA. lee@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian genomes are complex, with many transcription units producing long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that overlap coding genes. Understanding the diverse functions of these lncRNAs is a key challenge in molecular biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Recent research reveals pervasive and complex transcription in mammalian genomes.
  • Numerous transcription units, primarily producing long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), overlap traditional coding genes.
  • lncRNAs encompass diverse types, including antisense, intronic, intergenic transcripts, pseudogenes, and retrotransposons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the functional significance of the vast number of lncRNAs.
  • To investigate whether lncRNAs are functional molecules or merely transcriptional by-products.
  • To provide a glimpse into the emerging landscape of lncRNA functions and mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on mammalian genome transcription.
  • Analysis of emerging long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) systems.
  • Comparative examination of lncRNA functions and mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The transcription of mammalian genomes is highly complex, with extensive overlap between lncRNAs and coding genes.
  • The functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs represent a diverse and largely uncharted territory.
  • A significant portion of transcription units produce lncRNAs, challenging the notion of them being mere by-products.

Conclusions:

  • The functional roles of lncRNAs are varied and not yet fully understood.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the "Wild West" landscape of lncRNA functions and mechanisms.
  • Understanding these macromolecules is a key challenge for future molecular biology research.