Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Assessing systems-based practice
Esther H Chen1, Patricia S O'Sullivan, Camiron L Pfennig
1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, USA. esther.chen@emergency.ucsf.edu
Abstract:
The conceptual definition of systems-based practice (SBP) does not easily translate into directly observable actions or behaviors that can be easily assessed. At the Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference on education research in emergency medicine (EM), a breakout group presented a review of the literature on existing assessment tools for SBP, discussed the recommendations for research tool development during breakout sessions, and developed a research agenda based on this discussion.
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