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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

A reference system for urinary albumin: current status.

John C Lieske1, Olga Bondar, W Greg Miller

  • 1Mayo Clinic Renal Function Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Lieske.John@mayo.edu

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing urinary albumin and creatinine measurements is crucial for assessing kidney damage. New reference materials and measurement procedures are being developed to improve accuracy and consistency in clinical diagnostics.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
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Highly Sensitive Measurement of Glomerular Permeability in Mice with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70
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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Elevated urinary albumin indicates kidney damage and predicts renal and cardiovascular disease progression.
  • Significant variability exists in current albumin and creatinine measurements, impacting the accuracy of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
  • Lack of independent reference measurement procedures and reference materials hinders accurate urinary albumin and creatinine quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for standardization in urinary albumin and creatinine measurements.
  • To develop and validate reference measurement procedures and materials for urinary albumin and creatinine.

Main Methods:

  • Joint projects initiated by the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) Laboratory Working Group and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).
  • Development of a candidate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) reference measurement procedure for urinary albumin.
  • Creation of candidate reference materials for both urinary albumin and creatinine.

Main Results:

  • A candidate LC-MS/MS reference measurement procedure for urinary albumin has been successfully developed.
  • Candidate reference materials for urinary albumin and creatinine are available.
  • Validation status of these critical reference system components is reported.

Conclusions:

  • Development of certified reference materials for urinary albumin is essential for standardization.
  • Establishment of reference measurement procedures for urinary albumin will improve measurement accuracy.
  • Standardization of urinary albumin measurement will enhance its utility as a biomarker for kidney disease.