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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler
05:57

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler

Published on: October 14, 2020

Fast and robust optical flow for time-lapse microscopy using super-voxels.

Fernando Amat1, Eugene W Myers, Philipp J Keller

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. amatf@janelia.hhmi.org

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a faster and more accurate optical flow method for 3D microscopy videos. This new approach improves motion estimation in large biological datasets, aiding cell tracking and analysis.

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Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature
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Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler
05:57

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler

Published on: October 14, 2020

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)
07:19

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Published on: June 28, 2017

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature
09:39

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature

Published on: November 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Microscopy Image Analysis

Background:

  • Optical flow is crucial for motion estimation in microscopy but struggles with large 3D time-lapse data.
  • Existing methods are optimized for 2D natural images, not the complex dynamics and large scale of biological specimens.
  • Challenges include large data volumes (terabytes) and image blurring from microscope optics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel optical flow method optimized for large-scale 3D time-lapse microscopy datasets.
  • To improve the accuracy and speed of motion estimation in biological imaging.
  • To enable better analysis of complex cell dynamics in developing organisms.

Main Methods:

  • A Markov random field (MRF) model applied over super-voxels in the foreground of microscopy images.
  • Motion smoothness constraints are applied between super-voxels, not on a voxel-by-voxel basis.
  • The approach leverages background subtraction and super-voxels to reduce computational dimensionality.

Main Results:

  • The method significantly enhances optical flow computation for large 3D time-lapse microscopy data.
  • Achieved an average speed increase of 10x compared to standard Insight Tool-Kit (ITK) implementations.
  • Reduced average flow endpoint error by 50% in complex dynamic regions like cell divisions.
  • Validated on 3D time-lapse datasets of Drosophila and zebrafish development.

Conclusions:

  • The super-voxel MRF approach provides a robust and efficient solution for optical flow in challenging biological microscopy data.
  • This method offers substantial speed and accuracy improvements for analyzing cell motion.
  • The freely available source code facilitates further research in quantitative motion analysis of biological specimens.