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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

Acute patellar dislocation. What to do?

Alfredo Schiavone Panni, Michele Vasso, Simone Cerciello

    Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
    |December 18, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    First-time acute patellar dislocation often involves medial patellofemoral ligament injury. Surgical intervention may be needed for severe cartilage damage or patellar instability, with reconstruction often preferred over repair.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Acute patellar dislocation is a common knee injury, particularly in adolescents during physical activities.
    • Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) rupture is highly prevalent (94-100%) after a first-time patellar dislocation.
    • The MPFL is crucial for resisting lateral patellar displacement, accounting for 50-60% of restraining force.

    Discussion:

    • Management of first-time patellar dislocation remains debated, with conservative treatment showing good outcomes.
    • Surgical intervention is indicated for severe chondral damage or significant medial stabilizer disruption causing patellar subluxation.
    • MPFL reconstruction may offer more reliable patellar stabilization than repair due to injury location limitations.

    Key Insights:

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 16, 2026

    Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
    06:28

    Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

    Published on: September 2, 2025

  • MPFL injury is a primary factor in recurrent patellar dislocations.
  • Surgical repair/reconstruction of medial stabilizers should be integrated with chondral injury treatment.
  • Current evidence does not support addressing osseous abnormalities alongside MPFL restoration.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to clarify optimal surgical timing and techniques for MPFL injuries.
    • Investigating the role of osseous abnormalities in patellar instability requires additional study.
    • Long-term outcomes comparing MPFL reconstruction versus repair warrant further investigation.