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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors01:30

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

Growth media provide essential nutrients that support cell growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing the yield of valuable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and biomass. Designing an effective growth medium involves balancing all components to prevent nutrient limitations or toxic excesses, both of which can impair growth and reduce product yields.Composition of a Typical Growth MediumA typical growth medium contains carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, vitamins, trace elements, and...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

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Bioreactor Assembly for Continuous Culture of Complex Fecal Communities
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Published on: April 25, 2025

Bioreactors get personal.

Robert P T Somerville1, Mark E Dudley

  • 1Surgery Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA.

Oncoimmunology
|December 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy shows promise for melanoma treatment but faces challenges. New bioreactors simplify cell therapy production, potentially increasing patient access to this effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy is effective against melanoma.
  • Current ACT protocols are complex and costly, limiting patient access.
  • Individualized cell therapies require streamlined production methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate novel bioreactors for simplifying ACT cell expansion.
  • To assess the potential of these bioreactors to improve ACT accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Description of two recently developed bioreactors for cell therapy production.
  • Focus on simplification and streamlining of cell expansion protocols.

Main Results:

  • Bioreactors simplify and streamline the production of individualized cell therapies.
  • Potential for increased patient access to ACT immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Novel bioreactors may overcome key limitations in ACT immunotherapy.
  • These advancements could broaden the clinical application of cell-based melanoma treatments.