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Related Concept Videos

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Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
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Fundamental Attribution Error

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

Prediction errors in self- and externally-generated deviants.

Franziska Knolle1, Erich Schröger, Sonja A Kotz

  • 1Research Group Subcortical Contributions to Comprehension, Dept of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute of Human Cognition and Brain Science, Leipzig, Germany. fknolle@cbs.mpg.de

Biological Psychology
|December 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain responses to self-generated sounds are suppressed compared to external sounds. This study found prediction accuracy influences this suppression and enhances prediction error signals for self-generated sounds.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Brain responses to self-generated sounds are typically attenuated compared to externally-generated sounds.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N1 and P2 components, are used to measure this sensory suppression.
  • Predictive coding theories suggest that the brain anticipates sensory input, influencing neural responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if prediction accuracy modulates the N1 and P2 suppression for self-generated sounds.
  • To examine if prediction error signals (N2b, P3a) are enhanced for self-generated sounds when predictions are violated.
  • To explore the specificity of predictive mechanisms in self-generated auditory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of ERPs elicited by self- and externally-generated sounds.
  • Inclusion of standard (frequent) and deviant (infrequent) auditory stimuli with varying pitches.
  • Analysis of N1, P2, N2b, and P3a components of the ERPs in response to predicted and unpredicted sounds.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed N1 and P2 suppression for self-generated standard sounds.
  • Observed reduced N1 suppression for self-initiated deviant sounds, indicating prediction specificity.
  • Found enhanced N2b and P3a amplitudes for self-generated deviant sounds, highlighting saliency of prediction errors.

Conclusions:

  • Prediction accuracy plays a crucial role in modulating sensory suppression of self-generated sounds.
  • Prediction error signals are amplified for self-generated sounds when sensory input violates expectations.
  • These findings support the role of predictive coding in distinguishing self-generated from external sensory information.