Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR
Published on: November 28, 2016
Bovine coronaviruses from the respiratory tract: antigenic and genetic diversity
R W Fulton1, J F Ridpath, L J Burge
1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Robert.fulton@okstate.edu
Abstract:
BoCV isolated from respiratory tract, nasal swab and broncho alveolar washing fluid samples were evaluated for genetic and antigenic differences. These BoCV from the respiratory tract of healthy and clinically ill cattle with BRD signs were compared to reference and vaccine strains based on Spike protein coding sequences and VNT using convalescent antisera. Based on this study, the BoCV isolates belong to one of two genomic clades (clade 1 and 2) which can be differentiated antigenically. The respiratory isolates from Oklahoma in this study were further divided by genetic differences into three subclades, 2a, 2b, and 2c. Reference enteric BoCV strains and a vaccine strain were in clade 1. Currently available vaccines designed to control enteric disease are based on viruses from one clade while viruses isolated from respiratory tracts, in this study, belong to the other clade.
Related Concept Videos
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
Viral Mutations
Viral Recombination
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
