Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

24.3K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
24.3K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

848
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
848
Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN202:27

Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2

15.9K
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides can proceed via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism. While in SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the substrate simultaneously as the leaving group departs, in SN1 reactions, the substrate first dissociates to give the carbocation intermediate. Various factors such as the structure of the substrate, the strength of the nucleophile, and the nature of the solvent promote one mechanism over the other.
With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
15.9K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

127.7K
Overview
127.7K
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

24.7K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
24.7K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.9K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bovine and ovine deltapapillomavirus coinfection associated with equine sarcoid.

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]·2025
Same author

Spleen and lung virome analysis of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) collected on the southern Brazilian coast.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2021
Same author

Insights on the genetic features of endometrial pathogenic Escherichia coli strains from pyometra in companion animals: Improving the knowledge about pathogenesis.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2020
Same author

Virome of crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) from southern Brazil and Uruguay.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2020
Same author

Uterine protein oxidative modifications may condition trophoblast function: <b>PS215</b>.

Porto biomedical journal·2020
Same author

Age-related oxidative modifications to uterine albumin impair extravillous trophoblast cells function.

Free radical biology & medicine·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

11.7K

In vitro method to evaluate virus competition between BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains using the PrimeFlow RNA assay.

S Silveira1, S M Falkenberg2, R P Dassanayake2

  • 1Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Virology
|August 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) cause significant cattle industry losses. An in vitro model showed BVDV-2a strains dominate and exclude BVDV-1 strains, aiding research into viral competition and pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Bovine viral diarrhea virusFlow cytometryPestivirusViral competition

More Related Videos

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency
09:04

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

13.3K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

30.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

11.7K
In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency
09:04

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

13.3K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

30.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Animal Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) cause substantial economic losses in the cattle industry globally.
  • BVDV are classified into BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species, with hypothesized differences in replication, pathogenesis, and tissue tropism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an in vitro method for evaluating virus competition between BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains.
  • To investigate the competitive dynamics of specific BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2a strains.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an in vitro cell culture model.
  • Utilized PrimeFlow RNA assay to evaluate competitive dynamics of BVDV strains.
  • Compared in vitro results with findings from an in vivo transmission study.

Main Results:

  • Observed competitive exclusion, with BVDV-2a strains dominating and excluding BVDV-1a and BVDV-1b strains.
  • Results in vitro mirrored findings from previous in vivo studies.
  • The developed in vitro model successfully demonstrated differential strain competition.

Conclusions:

  • The established in vitro model is effective for studying BVDV strain competition.
  • This model can help identify viral variations influencing field subgenotype frequencies, vaccine efficacy, pathogenesis, and immune responses.