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Updated: May 15, 2026

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Cadmium(II) sorption and desorption in a fixed bed column using sunflower waste carbon calcium-alginate beads
Monika Jain1, V K Garg, K Kadirvelu
1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125 001, Haryana, India.
Abstract:
The present study reports the use of sunflower waste carbon calcium-alginate beads (SWC-CAB) for cadmium removal from wastewater in continuous flow fixed bed columns. The experiments were conducted as a function of bed height, flow rate and initial Cd(II) concentration. The maximum biosorption capacity (23.6 mg/g) was attained at 30 cm bed height, 1.0 mL/min flow rate and 10 mg/L initial Cd(II) concentration. The Bohart-Adams model constants (N0 and K) were 7.7 mg/L and 1×10(-4) L/mgh with 0.999 R2 value at 50% breakthrough time. The column regeneration efficiency after third cycle was 58.6% for cadmium.
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