Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

Radical Formation: Homolysis

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Engineering Ultrafast Molecular Rotors via Chalcogen bonds.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Resonance-Assisted Tetrel Bond.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Same author

Structure-activity studies reveal efficient inactivation of urease by Ebsulfur-based compounds.

Journal of inorganic biochemistry·2026

Same author

Benefits of Categorizing Noncovalent Bonds Based on Hydrogen, Halogen, Chalcogen, and Pnictogen Bonds.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Strategic Synthesis and Supramolecular Organization of Arylenebis(aryliodonium) Salts.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025

Same author

Free-Standing Halogen-Bonded Nanosheets Formed by Ultrasonic Liquid Exfoliation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Halogen-bonding-triggered supramolecular gel formation.

Lorenzo Meazza¹, Jonathan A Foster, Katharina Fucke

¹NFMLab-DCMIC 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7 IT-20131, Italy.

Nature Chemistry

|December 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores halogen bonding for creating supramolecular gels. Researchers demonstrated that halogen bonding can effectively trigger gel formation in polar solvents, enabling new material designs.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Supramolecular chemistry
Materials science
Organic chemistry

Background:

Supramolecular gels are soft materials formed by self-assembly via non-covalent interactions.
Controlling gel properties through multicomponent systems is of significant interest.
Hydrogen bonding is established for supramolecular gel formation in organic solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the unexplored potential of halogen bonding in triggering supramolecular gel formation.
To develop two-component gels (co-gels) using halogen bonding interactions.
To demonstrate halogen bonding's efficacy in polar media.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a bis(pyridyl urea) derivative as a gelator component.
Employing 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene as a halogen bond acceptor.
Investigating gelation in polar solvent mixtures like aqueous methanol and DMSO.

Main Results:

Halogen bonding between the pyridyl urea and diiodotetrafluorobenzene successfully induced gelation.
Gel formation was achieved even in polar media, overcoming inhibitory interactions.
The study established halogen bonding as a viable driving force for supramolecular gel assembly.

Conclusions:

Halogen bonding is a powerful tool for supramolecular gel formation, particularly in challenging polar environments.
This work opens new avenues for designing multicomponent supramolecular materials based on halogen bonding.
The developed bis(urea) gelator effectively forms co-gels with halogen bond acceptors.