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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Is high dose vitamin D harmful?

Kerrie M Sanders1, Geoffrey C Nicholson, Peter R Ebeling

  • 1Department of Medicine, Western Health, NorthWest Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, PO Box 294, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia. ksanders@unimelb.edu.au

Calcified Tissue International
|December 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-dose vitamin D supplementation may increase fracture risk, contrary to expectations. Emerging evidence suggests caution regarding high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the general population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vitamin D supplementation is explored for chronic disease prevention.
  • High-dose, intermittent vitamin D is a focus of recent research.
  • Concerns exist regarding the safety and efficacy of high vitamin D doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on intermittent, high-dose vitamin D supplementation.
  • To examine adverse effects associated with high-dose vitamin D.
  • To discuss the implications for public health recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.
  • Analysis of studies reporting adverse effects of high-dose vitamin D.
  • Examination of U- or J-shaped curves in relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

Main Results:

  • Two recent RCTs reported increased fractures with annual high-dose vitamin D.
  • Observational studies suggest increased risk at highest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.
  • Evidence indicates potential adverse effects from high-dose vitamin D regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Caution is advised for recommending high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations broadly.
  • The benefits of high-dose vitamin D for fall risk reduction require further demonstration.
  • Safety and efficacy of loading doses need validation before routine clinical use.