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Updated: May 15, 2026
06:09
Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
A Concise and Comprehensive Description of Shoulder Pathology and Procedures: The 4D Code System
Laurent Lafosse1, Tom Van Isacker, Joseph B Wilson
1Alps Surgery Institute, Clinique Generale, 4 Chemin Tour la Reine, 74000 Annecy, France.
Advances in Orthopedics
|December 20, 2012
Summary
We developed the 4D code, a novel system for describing shoulder conditions. This comprehensive 4D code enhances communication and visualization of shoulder pathology for better patient care.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Medical Imaging
- Anatomy
Background:
- Current methods for describing shoulder pathoanatomy lack comprehensive 3D visualization and temporal components.
- A need exists for a standardized, efficient system to document shoulder pathologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the 4D code, a novel system for describing shoulder pathoanatomy.
- To provide a comprehensive three-dimensional and temporal description of shoulder conditions.
Main Methods:
- The 4D code utilizes an alphanumeric system to describe shoulder structures and pathologies.
- Pillar components (subscapularis, biceps tendon, rotator cuff muscles) are recorded, with secondary elements for specific pathologies.
- The system incorporates laterality (right/left) and time designation.
Main Results:
- Illustrative patient examples demonstrate the 4D code's ease of use and effectiveness.
- The 4D code efficiently conveys substantial information regarding patient pathology, surgical procedures, and recovery.
- The system integrates existing validated classification systems for shoulder components.
Conclusions:
- The 4D code offers a concise, complete, and universally understood language for shoulder pathoanatomy.
- It aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of communication, documentation, and visualization of shoulder pathology.
- This system facilitates better understanding within individual practices and between healthcare providers.
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