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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

Human trophectoderm cells are not yet committed.

Caroline De Paepe1, Greet Cauffman, An Verloes

  • 1Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|December 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human trophectoderm cells from blastocysts are not yet committed and can develop into inner cell mass cells expressing NANOG. This indicates a greater developmental potential than previously assumed for TE cells.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
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Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Human Day 5 blastocyst trophectoderm (TE) cells express markers like POU5F1, SOX2, SALL4, HLA-G, and KRT18, but not CDX2.
  • This expression profile suggests their developmental trajectory may not be definitively determined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether human trophectoderm (TE) cells are committed or retain the potential to develop into inner cell mass (ICM) cells.
  • To determine the in vitro developmental capacity of human blastocyst TE cells.

Main Methods:

  • Human preimplantation embryos were obtained with informed consent.
  • TE cells were isolated from full blastocysts via aspiration or fluorescent labeling.
  • Isolated TE cells were reaggregated with embryos and analyzed for ICM cell development and NANOG expression.

Main Results:

  • Isolated and reaggregated TE cells from human blastocysts developed into blastocysts with ICM cells expressing NANOG.
  • Repositioned TE cells integrated into the ICM and expressed NANOG, indicating a lack of commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Human TE cells from full blastocysts retain the capacity to develop into ICM cells expressing pluripotency markers.
  • These findings suggest TE cells possess greater developmental potential than previously understood, with implications for reproductive medicine and stem cell biology.