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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
07:20

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Osteoporosis: an update.

Stephen Honig1, Gregory Chang

  • 1NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA. stephen.honig@nyumc.org

Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonate osteoporosis treatment may rarely cause atypical femur fractures, prompting "drug holidays." New imaging aids fracture risk assessment, and medications may increase life expectancy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
07:20

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis management is evolving with new research on bisphosphonate risks and benefits.
  • Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been linked to long-term bisphosphonate use, raising clinical concerns.
  • Advances in bone imaging and understanding medication effects on longevity are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between bisphosphonate therapy and atypical femoral fractures.
  • To highlight advancements in imaging techniques for assessing bone health.
  • To explore emerging evidence on osteoporosis medications and life expectancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fractures.
  • Discussion of novel imaging modalities like high-resolution MRI and micro CT.
  • Synthesis of data on the impact of anti-resorptive medications on mortality.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates are associated with a rare but increased frequency of atypical femoral fractures in long-term users.
  • New imaging techniques allow non-invasive assessment of bone microarchitecture and stiffness.
  • Emerging data suggests anti-resorptive medications may improve life expectancy beyond fracture prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Balancing the benefits of bisphosphonates in preventing typical fractures against the rare risk of AFFs is essential.
  • Advanced imaging holds promise for personalized osteoporosis treatment and fracture risk stratification.
  • Osteoporosis medications may offer survival benefits independent of their skeletal effects.