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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
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Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models
08:57

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Published on: May 17, 2024

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders: A Brief Overview.

Myrna R Rosenfeld1, Josep Dalmau

  • 1Hospital Clínic /IDIBAPS, Department of Neurology, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, Spain 08036, (34) 932271738 (t), (34) 932271726 (f), mrrosenf@clinic.ub.es.

Memo
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) are immune-mediated conditions mimicking other diseases. Early diagnosis via anti-neuronal antibodies and tumor treatment can lead to better outcomes, especially for cell surface antibody-associated PND.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Immune-mediated paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) present diverse neurological symptoms.
  • PND can mimic non-cancerous neurological conditions, complicating diagnosis.
  • Historically, PND were considered difficult to treat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of PND.
  • To highlight the role of anti-neuronal antibodies in PND diagnosis and management.
  • To emphasize the importance of underlying tumor identification and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic tests for anti-neuronal antibodies.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for PND.
  • Correlation of PND subtypes with antibody targets and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic tests for specific anti-neuronal antibodies aid in PND identification.
  • A subset of PND, particularly those with cell surface antibodies, show significant treatment responsiveness.
  • Effective management of the primary tumor is crucial for neurological stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • PND diagnosis is enhanced by specific antibody testing.
  • Treatment responsiveness in PND varies, with cell surface antibody-associated cases showing promise.
  • Integrated oncologic and neurologic management is key for PND patients.