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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
08:38

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Published on: September 10, 2016

Postbiotics: what else?

K Tsilingiri1, M Rescigno

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy. katerina.tsilingiri@ieo.eu

Beneficial Microbes
|December 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postbiotics, beneficial microbial byproducts, offer a safer alternative to probiotics for gut health. Purified postbiotics show promise for treating inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
08:38

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

Published on: September 10, 2016

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Probiotics and synbiotics are increasingly used for gut health, with positive consumer feedback.
  • Research is ongoing to understand microbial interactions with host immune and barrier functions.
  • Probiotic efficacy is often linked to live bacteria, but their use in pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of probiotic mechanisms and the role of their metabolites.
  • To propose postbiotics as a safer and potentially more effective alternative for clinical applications.
  • To highlight the potential of postbiotics in managing chronic inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on probiotics, synbiotics, and their metabolites.
  • Analysis of research identifying and characterizing probiotic-secreted factors (postbiotics).
  • Evaluation of evidence for postbiotic efficacy in modulating host responses.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic effects can be mediated by their metabolic activity and secreted factors.
  • Certain probiotic-produced soluble factors, termed postbiotics, can elicit desired host responses.
  • Postbiotics have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, independent of live bacterial presence.

Conclusions:

  • Purified and well-characterized postbiotics represent a safer alternative to live probiotics for therapeutic use.
  • Postbiotics show particular promise for chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Further research into postbiotics could lead to improved treatments for gut-related disorders.