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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
12:00

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Published on: November 19, 2014

ERPs and morphological processing: the N400 and semantic composition.

Donna Coch1, Jennifer Bares, Allison Landers

  • 1Department of Education, Reading Brains Lab, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. donna.coch@dartmouth.edu

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|December 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluent readers break down complex words. This study found the N400 brainwave component reflects semantic composition, or understanding the whole word, rather than just its parts.

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05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Fluent readers typically decompose morphologically complex words.
  • The N400 event-related potential (ERP) component's role in morphological processing is debated: does it reflect decomposition or semantic composition?

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the N400 component indexes morphological decomposition or semantic composition.
  • To compare ERPs for words and nonwords constructed from bound morphemes, free morphemes, and monomorphemic controls.

Main Methods:

  • A visual lexical decision task was employed with college students.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants viewed words and nonwords.
  • Stimuli included sets of bound morphemes, free morphemes, and monomorphemic controls.

Main Results:

  • Participants were faster to identify words than nonwords across all morphological types.
  • The N400 amplitude was more negative for nonwords than for words, indicating sensitivity to lexicality.
  • No significant difference in the N400 lexicality effect was observed across the three morphological types.

Conclusions:

  • The N400 component appears more sensitive to the lexicality of the entire stimulus (semantic composition) than to the meaningfulness of its constituent parts (morphological decomposition).
  • Findings support the interpretation of the N400 as an index of semantic composition during word processing.