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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Etiology
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Pathology associated with the third molar.

John H Campbell1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. jc294@buffalo.edu

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|January 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathology is common around retained third molars, impacting oral surgery. This review clarifies known and unknown risks of these impacted teeth, aiding surgical assessment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dental Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Retained third molars frequently present with pathology.
  • Oral surgeons commonly encounter infections and lytic lesions.
  • Previous studies lacked robust designs for assessing abnormality frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing knowledge on pathologies linked to retained third molars.
  • To identify gaps in the understanding of third molar-associated abnormalities.
  • To inform oral and maxillofacial surgeons on this critical topic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on retained third molar pathology.
  • Analysis of data on symptomatic and asymptomatic third molars.
  • Synthesis of current evidence regarding associated lesions.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of various pathologies around impacted third molars is documented.
  • Infections and lytic lesions are frequently observed.
  • Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the frequency of specific abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Pathologic conditions are prevalent with retained third molars.
  • Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand associated risks.
  • This review highlights areas requiring more research for improved surgical practice.