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Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter?
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.

Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...

Chromatin Packaging

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter?
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

In-Nucleus Hi-C in Drosophila Cells

In-Nucleus Hi-C in Drosophila Cells

Published on: September 15, 2021

Chromatin organization: form to function.

Carolyn A de Graaf¹, Bas van Steensel

¹Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

|January 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-resolution genome mapping reveals distinct functional domains. Chromosome 3D structure and organization are linked to gene regulation and nuclear functions.

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Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Epigenetics

Background:

Technological advancements enable high-resolution genome-wide mapping of epigenetic modifications, DNA-binding proteins, and chromatin interactions.
The genome is organized into distinct functional domains based on combinations of chromatin features.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between 3D genome structure, domain organization, and gene regulation.
To understand how nuclear architecture influences chromatin organization and function.

Main Methods:

High-resolution genome-wide mapping techniques (e.g., ChIP-seq, Hi-C).
Microscopy and chromatin conformation capture (3C) based methods.

Main Results:

Identification of distinct genome domains characterized by specific combinations of chromatin features.
Demonstration that the 3D chromosome structure is influenced by nuclear features and functional chromatin linkages.
Correlation between genome organization and gene regulatory activities.

Conclusions:

The 3D and domain organization of the genome is intrinsically linked to gene regulation and other nuclear processes.
Understanding genome architecture provides insights into fundamental cellular functions.