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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

Brain state-triggered stimulus delivery: An efficient tool for probing ongoing brain activity.

M L Andermann¹, J Kauramäki, T Palomäki

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, MA, USA.

Open Journal of Neuroscience

|January 1, 2013

Summary

Understanding ongoing brain activity is key to perception. This study introduces a novel method to trigger stimuli based on brain states, revealing how neural bias influences auditory detection and enabling efficient study of brain activity patterns.

Keywords:

auditory brain-computer interface online prestimulus spontaneous activity

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Area of Science:

Systems Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Human Perception

Background:

Variability in ongoing brain activity preceding sensory stimuli significantly impacts subsequent perception.
Studying specific brain states is challenging due to their infrequent and random occurrence relative to stimulus presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between pre-stimulus neural activity patterns and perceptual outcomes.
To develop and validate a novel method for aligning stimulus presentation with specific, dynamically identified brain states.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel online method to identify and track spatiotemporal patterns of ongoing brain activity (electroencephalography).
Implemented a brain-state triggered stimulus delivery system to present auditory stimuli during specific neural states.
Analyzed the influence of pre-target neural bias fluctuations on auditory selective listening performance.

Main Results:

Pre-target fluctuations in neural bias, identified online, significantly influenced the detection of target sounds.
The influence of neural bias was observed both within and across individual trials.
The brain-state triggered approach allowed for the study of neural activity preceding perception.

Conclusions:

Brain state-triggered stimulus delivery is an effective method for studying the influence of ongoing neural activity on perception.
This technique facilitates statistically tractable investigations into rare neural patterns and their impact on behavior.
The findings advance our understanding of how dynamic neural states shape sensory processing and perception.