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Related Concept Videos

Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
During diastole, all four heart chambers relax. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open, and the semilunar valves close. This phase sees the lowest chamber pressures, promoting ventricular filling. Venous blood enters the heart through the...
Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...

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Related Experiment Video

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Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
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Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations

Published on: January 8, 2013

Potential-dependent topological modes in the mercury beating heart system.

Dinesh Kumar Verma1, A Q Contractor, P Parmananda

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|January 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The mercury beating heart system

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Dynamics

Background:

  • The mercury beating heart (MBH) system exhibits complex dynamics.
  • Understanding MBH system behavior under external stimuli is crucial for exploring nonlinear chemical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of the mercury beating heart (MBH) system in an acidic solution under an external square wave potential.
  • To explore the stabilization of different topological shapes of the mercury drop by varying external potential frequency and mercury volume.
  • To analyze the redox potential time series and power spectra corresponding to various stabilized configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of the MBH system in an acidic medium.
  • Application of an external square wave potential to the system.

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  • Systematic variation of external potential frequency and mercury volume.
  • Recording of redox potential time series.
  • Analysis of power spectra for different topological modes.

    • Main Results:

    • Stabilization of diverse mercury drop shapes (circular, elliptical, triangular, multilobed stars) was achieved by tuning external potential frequency and mercury volume.
    • Redox potential time series and their power spectra were recorded for each stabilized topological configuration.
    • The observed topological modes were reproducible and sustainable.
    • A potential oxidation-reduction mechanism was proposed to explain the experimental findings.

    Conclusions:

    • The forced MBH system demonstrates controllable topological dynamics.
    • External electrical forcing can stabilize distinct geometric configurations in the MBH system.
    • The study provides insights into the redox mechanisms governing these complex electrochemical phenomena.