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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

FastAnnotator--an efficient transcript annotation web tool.

Ting-Wen Chen1, Ruei-Chi Richie Gan, Timothy H Wu

  • 1Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

BMC Genomics
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput sequencing generates vast data, making transcript annotation a bottleneck. FastAnnotator is a user-friendly web tool that automates gene function and domain assignment for transcriptomes, especially for non-model organisms.

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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • High-throughput sequencing (HTS) generates massive transcriptomic data.
  • Annotating and functionally classifying these sequences is a significant challenge.
  • Many researchers lack the expertise for complex bioinformatics software installation and maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated, user-friendly web-based tool for transcript annotation.
  • To simplify the functional classification of gene transcripts from various organisms.
  • To address the annotation bottleneck in genomics research.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated established annotation tools: Blast2GO, PRIAM, and RPS BLAST.
  • Developed FastAnnotator, a web service for sequence annotation.
  • Designed an easy-to-use interface for accessibility.

Main Results:

  • FastAnnotator successfully assigned functional annotations to transcriptome datasets.
  • Achieved high annotation rates for model organisms (e.g., 88.1% for C. elegans).
  • Annotated sequences from non-model organisms lacking reference genomes (e.g., 62.9% for sweet potato).

Conclusions:

  • Automated annotation tools are crucial as sequencing is no longer the bottleneck.
  • FastAnnotator efficiently annotates gene functions, enzyme functions, and domains.
  • The tool is valuable for transcriptome studies, particularly for non-model organisms and metatranscriptomes.
  • FastAnnotator is freely available online and requires no local installation.