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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

Overview

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

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Published on: March 22, 2018

Endoreplication.

Norman Zielke1, Bruce A Edgar, Melvin L DePamphilis

  • 1Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. n.zielke@DKFZ-heidelberg.de

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyploidy, a state of having more than two sets of chromosomes, can arise through endoreduplication and endomitosis. These processes involve bypassing mitosis by altering cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polyploidy, the state of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, is crucial for development in many organisms.
  • It can arise through programmed mechanisms, distinct from errors in chromosome segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of endoreplication, a key process leading to polyploidy.
  • To highlight recent findings in Drosophila and mice regarding endoreplication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell cycle regulation and polyploidy.
  • Focus on studies investigating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity.
  • Analysis of findings from model organisms like Drosophila and mice.

Main Results:

  • Endoreduplication and endomitosis are two major mechanisms driving programmed polyploidy.
  • These processes involve a switch from mitotic cell cycles to endocycles.
  • Selective loss of mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity is a key feature, bypassing mitotic events.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding endoreplication mechanisms is vital for comprehending developmental polyploidy.
  • Recent research in Drosophila and mice provides insights into the regulation of endocycles.
  • Altered CDK activity is a central regulatory point in the transition to polyploidy.