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Updated: May 15, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
Published on: May 22, 2019
Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
Luis Ayerbe1, Salma Ayis, Charles D A Wolfe
1Division of Health and Social Care Research, King’s College London, London, UK. luis.ayerbe_garcia-mozon@kcl.ac.uk
Background:
Depression after stroke is a distressing problem that may be associated with other negative health outcomes.
Aims:
To estimate the natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke.
Method:
Studies published up to 31 August 2011 were searched and reviewed according to accepted criteria.
Results:
Out of 13 558 references initially found, 50 studies were included. Prevalence of depression was 29% (95% CI 25-32), and remains stable up to 10 years after stroke, with a cumulative incidence of 39-52% within 5 years of stroke. The rate of recovery from depression among patients depressed a few months after stroke ranged from 15 to 57% 1 year after stroke. Major predictors of depression are disability, depression pre-stroke, cognitive impairment, stroke severity and anxiety. Lower quality of life, mortality and disability are independent outcomes of depression after stroke.
Conclusion:
Interventions for depression and its potential outcomes are required.
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