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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Published on: November 27, 2015

1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-eth-oxy-phen-yl)ethane.

Graham Smith1

  • 1Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel ethoxy-phenyl compound, an analogue of the insecticide methoxychlor. Researchers identified a specific dihedral angle and an intramolecular interaction within the molecule.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Insecticide Development

Background:

  • Methoxychlor is an organochlorine insecticide with known insecticidal activity.
  • Structural modifications of known active compounds can lead to new or improved properties.
  • Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting chemical behavior and biological activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure of the 4-ethoxy-phenyl analogue of methoxychlor.
  • To investigate the molecular conformation, specifically the dihedral angle between benzene rings.
  • To identify any significant intra-molecular interactions within the novel compound.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
  • Analysis of crystallographic data to ascertain bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular/intramolecular interactions.
  • Comparison of structural features with the parent methoxychlor compound.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(18)H(19)Cl(3)O(2) was successfully determined.
  • The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings was measured to be 60.38(13)°.
  • An intramolecular aromatic C-H⋯Cl interaction was identified within the molecule.

Conclusions:

  • The 4-ethoxy-phenyl analogue exhibits a distinct molecular conformation compared to related compounds.
  • The identified intramolecular interaction may influence the compound's stability and reactivity.
  • Structural insights provide a basis for further investigation into its potential insecticidal properties.