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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Videos

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.

Amy Rose1, Maria Robinson, Hideko Kamino

  • 1The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, USA.

Dermatology Online Journal
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare histiocytosis linked to blood cancers. Early dermatologic recognition and hematologic evaluation are crucial for managing this progressive condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare, chronic, and progressive non-Langerhans histiocytosis.
  • NXG is strongly associated with hematologic malignancies, necessitating prompt hematologic evaluation by dermatologists.

Observation:

  • Fewer than 100 cases of NXG have been reported since its initial description in 1980.
  • Monoclonal gammopathy is frequently observed in NXG patients, predominantly IgG kappa (65%) and IgG lambda (35%).

Findings:

  • The association between NXG and hematologic malignant conditions is significant.
  • IgA monoclonal gammopathy is less common in patients with NXG.

Implications:

  • Prompt recognition of NXG by dermatologists is vital for initiating timely hematologic assessments.
  • While no single treatment is consistently effective, therapeutic options for NXG include glucocorticoids, alkylating agents, interferon alpha, and others.