Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...

Bioplastics

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 improves motor function after traumatic brain injury in a rat model.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026

Same author

Interface Performance Enhancement in 3D-Printed Biphasic Scaffolds with Interlocking Hourglass Geometry.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025

Same author

Experimental Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Self-Diffusivity in Mixtures of [C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>im][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] with Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025

Same author

Comparison of the chondrogenic potential of eBMSCs and eUCMSCs in response to selected peptides and compounds.

BMC veterinary research·2025

Same author

Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability in High-Stiffness, Translational Cartilage Matrix Hydrogels.

Tissue engineering. Part A·2025

Same author

Osteochondral Regeneration With Anatomical Scaffold 3D-Printing-Design Considerations for Interface Integration.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

Published on: January 7, 2019

The future of carbon dioxide for polymer processing in tissue engineering.

Manjari Bhamidipati¹, Aaron M Scurto, Michael S Detamore

¹Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7618, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews

|January 8, 2013

Summary

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a versatile tool for tissue engineering scaffolds, enabling improved pore interconnectivity and drug delivery. Researchers are encouraged to utilize CO2 for advanced scaffold fabrication and cell-seeded constructs.

More Related Videos

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

Published on: July 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

Published on: January 7, 2019

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

Published on: July 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Carbon dioxide (CO2) was initially used for polymeric foam scaffold fabrication in tissue engineering but faced challenges with pore interconnectivity.
Recent advancements have resolved pore interconnectivity issues, enabling controlled pore structures for tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the resolved challenges and expanded applications of CO2 in tissue engineering scaffold fabrication.
To encourage the broader adoption of CO2-based techniques for scaffold development.

Main Methods:

Utilizing CO2 foaming to create polymeric scaffolds with controlled pore interconnectivity.
Employing CO2 as a swelling agent for drug and bioactive additive impregnation.
Using low-pressure CO2 to sinter cells and polymeric microspheres for single-step scaffold creation.
Leveraging supercritical CO2 for foaming and lower pressures for sintering applications.

Main Results:

Resolved pore interconnectivity issues in CO2-foamed scaffolds.
Successful impregnation of scaffolds with drugs and bioactive additives using CO2.
Development of cell-seeded scaffolds through low-pressure CO2 sintering.
Demonstrated advantages of CO2 including ease of use, low cost, and avoidance of organic solvents.

Conclusions:

CO2 offers a cost-effective, solvent-free method for advanced tissue engineering scaffolds.
Resolved technical challenges and established parameters make CO2 technology accessible for new applications.
The field is encouraged to adopt CO2 as a tool to enhance unique tissue engineering capabilities.