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Congenital hypothyroidism: a review of the risk factors

Setila Dalili1, Seyed Mahmood Rezvany, Arsalan Dadashi

  • 1Guilan Health Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran. setiladalili1346@yahoo.com

Acta Medica Iranica
|January 8, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) affects 1 in 542 newborns in Guilan, with low birth weight and postdate delivery identified as key risk factors. Screening programs are crucial for early detection and management of this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a significant cause of preventable intellectual disability.
  • Neonatal screening programs are essential for early detection and intervention.
  • Understanding risk factors associated with CH is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence and situation of CH in Guilan province through a neonatal screening program.
  • To determine the correlation between CH and various perinatal factors including birth weight, gestational age, and seasonality.
  • To identify potential risk factors for CH in the screened population.

Main Methods:

  • A 5-year neonatal screening program (2006-2010) for CH in Guilan province.
  • Serum TSH levels measured in neonates 3-5 days after birth; elevated levels prompted further endocrinological evaluation.
  • Analysis of public health data including birth weight, gestational age, birth season, and delivery route for screened neonates.

Main Results:

  • A total of 119,701 neonates were screened, with a confirmed CH prevalence of 1:542 (10.8% of referred cases).
  • Low birth weight (LBW), postdate delivery, and macrosomia were significantly more prevalent in neonates with CH.
  • Normal vaginal delivery (NVD) was also more frequent in CH cases, while no association was found with gender or birth season.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight, postdate delivery, and macrosomia are identified as significant risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism.
  • Neonatal screening programs effectively identify CH, highlighting the importance of monitoring these risk factors.
  • The study found no correlation between CH and birth season or delivery method (Caesarean section).

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