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Immediately loaded implants with or without abutments supporting fixed partial dentures: 1-year results from a
Catharina Göthberg1, Ulrika André, Kerstin Gröndahl
1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Purpose:
To evaluate 1-year implant survival and marginal bone loss around implants that support fixed partial dentures loaded immediately or after 3 months, and effects from abutment usage.
Materials And Methods:
In this 2005 to 2009 randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial, 50 partially edentulous patients each received three Brånemark TiUnite™ implants (Nobel Biocare®, Göteborg, Sweden), mostly in the posterior maxilla. Two implants were fitted with abutments: a TiUnite™ surface and a machine-milled surface; the suprastructure was attached directly at implant level for the third implant. After randomized allocation, implants were immediately loaded with a fixed temporary bridge (test group) or left unloaded for 3 months (control group). A permanent fixed suprastructure replaced the temporary bridge after 6 months (test). Hard and soft tissues were examined during pretreatment and surgery plus 2 days, 14 days, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery.
Results:
After 1 year, four implants were lost in the test and two in the control groups (1-year survival rates of 94.9% [test] and 97.2% [control], with no significant intergroup difference). Resonance frequency analysis values indicated a similar pattern in both groups, with implant stability quotient (ISQ) reduction between 2 and 4 weeks. The test group had a significantly lower ISQ than the control group at these appointments. After 1 year, marginal bone losses around the implants were, on average, 1.32 mm (test, standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.08) and 1.24 mm (control, SEM 0.08), with no significant intergroup difference. Significantly larger marginal bone loss was observed at implants without abutment compared with implants with abutment.
Conclusions:
For both groups, this study showed similar implant survival rates and marginal bone loss. Larger bone loss was found at implants loaded without attached abutments.