Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026
08:22
Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
Published on: October 7, 2015
Case study: beverage temperature at aid stations in ironman triathlon
Catriona A Burdon1, Nathan A Johnson, Phillip G Chapman
1Dept. of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
|January 9, 2013
Summary
Aid station beverage temperatures in Ironman triathlons often exceed palatable levels. Simple improvements like providing shade and using ice can significantly cool drinks, benefiting endurance athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Environmental Physiology
- Exercise Science
Background:
- Maintaining optimal beverage temperature is crucial for athlete hydration and performance during endurance events.
- Environmental factors and aid station practices significantly influence beverage temperature at prolonged sporting events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of environmental conditions and aid station cooling strategies on competitor beverage temperatures.
- To quantify beverage temperature changes during Ironman triathlons under varying environmental conditions.
Main Methods:
- Beverage and environmental temperatures were recorded at aid stations during Ironman triathlons in Malaysia and Australia.
- Controlled experiments evaluated the effect of direct sunlight versus shade on fluid-filled bottles at an Australian aid station.
Main Results:
- Beverage temperatures increased over time, correlating with rising environmental temperatures, particularly radiant heat.
- Mean beverage temperatures ranged from 14-26°C, frequently exceeding the palatable range of 15-22°C.
- Bottles in direct sunlight at the Australian event heated significantly faster (6.9°C·h-1) than those in shade (4.8°C·h-1).
Conclusions:
- Implementing simple aid station modifications, such as shade and ice, can effectively provide cooler beverages.
- Further research is needed to determine if cool beverages impact heat illness, consumption, and performance in endurance athletes.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Factors Affecting Body Temperature
As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:
Factors may include:
01:19Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
01:11Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
01:27Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
01:13Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...