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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

What is the essential neurological examination?

Marco A Lima¹, Péricles Maranhão-Filho

¹Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil. mlima@inca.gov.br

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria

|January 9, 2013

Summary

Neurologists in Brazil and Canada agree on essential components of a neurological examination (NE) for patients with unlikely neurological issues. This consensus highlights universal core elements despite geographical and economic differences.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

Determining essential components of a neurological examination (NE) is crucial for efficient patient assessment.
A specific clinical scenario involves patients with potential neurological complaints where history suggests a neurological problem is unlikely.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify essential aspects of the NE in a specific clinical scenario.
To compare the consensus on essential NE components between neurologists in Brazil and Canada.

Main Methods:

A questionnaire, previously used in Canada, was administered to 19 neurologists in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Significant aspects of the NE were defined as those receiving average responses of 3.5 or higher.

Main Results:

Essential NE components identified include: visual fields, fundoscopy, pursuit eye movements, facial muscle power testing, gait, pronator drift/rapid arm movements, finger-nose testing, tone assessment, tendon reflexes, and plantar responses.
High agreement was found on these essential components.

Conclusions:

Despite geographical and economic disparities, Brazilian neurologists' consensus on essential NE aspects aligns with Canadian findings.
Core elements of the neurological examination are consistent across different international contexts for the evaluated scenario.