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  1. Home
  3. Carbon-dioxide-rich Silicate Melt In The Earth's Upper Mantle.
  1. Home
  3. Carbon-dioxide-rich Silicate Melt In The Earth's Upper Mantle.

Related Experiment Video

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

Carbon-dioxide-rich silicate melt in the Earth's upper mantle.

Rajdeep Dasgupta1, Ananya Mallik, Kyusei Tsuno

  • 1Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. Rajdeep.Dasgupta@rice.edu

Nature
|January 11, 2013

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experiments show that carbonated silicate melting in the Earth's mantle begins deeper than previously thought, influencing planetary evolution and mantle properties. This deep melt generation explains key geophysical observations in the oceanic upper mantle.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry and Geophysics
  • Planetary Science
  • Mantle Petrology

Background:

  • Melting in the Earth's upper mantle is crucial for planetary thermal evolution, volatile transport, and mantle properties.
  • The exact depth and conditions for the onset of silicate melting, particularly in carbonated peridotites, remain uncertain.
  • Geophysical data suggest the presence of melts at depths around 200 km, but large melt fractions are typically associated with shallower regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally constrain the pressure-temperature conditions and depth of the onset of silicate melting in carbonated peridotites.
  • To investigate the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) on the mantle solidus beneath mid-oceanic ridges.
  • To correlate experimental findings with geophysical observations of the oceanic upper mantle, including low-velocity zones and electrical conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure and high-temperature experiments on carbonated peridotite samples at pressures ranging from 2 to 5 GPa.
  • Analysis of the pressure-temperature slope of the carbonated silicate melting curve.
  • Modeling the effect of trace amounts of H2O on the solidus and melt generation depth.

Main Results:

  • The pressure-temperature slope of carbonated silicate melting is steeper than the solidus of volatile-free peridotite.
  • Silicate melting of dry peridotite with CO2 beneath ridges initiates at approximately 180 km depth.
  • Incorporating 50-200 ppm H2O depresses the solidus, extending the onset of silicate melting to depths of 220-300 km for sub-ridge mantle with ~100 ppm CO2.

Conclusions:

  • Carbonated silicate melt generation at redox fronts (250-200 km deep) explains the oceanic low-velocity zone and mantle electrical conductivity.
  • The deep upper mantle is likely CO2-rich but H2O-poor, as indicated by melt properties and conductivity data.
  • Carbonated silicate melts limit carbonatite stability and control the flux of carbon, H2O, and incompatible elements at mid-ocean ridges.