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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Diffusion MR of hyperpolarized 13C molecules in solution.

Bertram L Koelsch1, Kayvan R Keshari, Tom H Peeters

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

The Analyst
|January 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method combining dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for precise molecular diffusion measurements. This technique enables rapid, real-time tracking of molecular transport phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) significantly enhances MRI signal.
  • Diffusion MRI measures molecular motion.
  • Hyperpolarized (13)C molecules offer unique metabolic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and accurate method for measuring diffusion coefficients of hyperpolarized (13)C molecules.
  • To generate diffusion coefficient maps of multiple hyperpolarized metabolites simultaneously.
  • To correct for signal loss in hyperpolarized experiments for accurate quantitation.

Main Methods:

  • Combined dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with a pulsed gradient double spin echo diffusion MR sequence.
  • Utilized diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for metabolite mapping.
  • Implemented signal loss correction for longitudinal relaxation (T(1)).

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured diffusion coefficients of various hyperpolarized (13)C molecules in solution.
  • Generated simultaneous diffusion coefficient maps for multiple hyperpolarized metabolites.
  • Demonstrated accurate real-time (seconds) measurement of molecular transport phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperpolarized (13)C diffusion-weighted MR is feasible for real-time molecular transport studies.
  • Potential applications include measuring molecular binding, cellular transport, and in vivo metabolite distribution.
  • This method can establish magnetic field-independent hyperpolarized parameters.