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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
07:44

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

Published on: October 6, 2017

Presynaptic self-depression at developing neocortical synapses.

Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno1, Ana González-Rueda, Abhishek Banerjee

  • 1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK. arodmor@upo.es

Neuron
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel synaptic learning rule in developing mouse cortex relies solely on presynaptic neuron activity. Specific spike patterns induce long-term depression (LTD) independently of postsynaptic factors, aiding synaptic pruning.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Theories of synaptic modification during cortical development often emphasize correlated activity driving plasticity.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of synaptic learning rules is crucial for comprehending neural circuit formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel synaptic learning rules in the developing mouse cortex.
  • To identify the specific activity patterns and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings from the developing mouse cortex.
  • Analysis of sensory-evoked activity patterns.
  • Investigation of molecular requirements (presynaptic NMDA receptors, calcineurin) for synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • A specific presynaptic spike pattern (three spikes followed by one within a time window) induces robust long-term depression (LTD) at layer 4 to layer 2/3 synapses.
  • This presynaptic spike pattern-dependent LTD (p-LTD) is induced by individual presynaptic neurons and expressed presynaptically.
  • p-LTD is independent of postsynaptic and astroglial signaling, unlike spike timing-dependent LTD.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, presynaptic spike pattern-dependent learning rule (p-LTD) governs synaptic modification in the developing cortex.
  • This rule complements existing timing-based plasticity mechanisms.
  • p-LTD likely contributes to the essential process of synaptic input pruning during cortical development.