Issues in the support and disaster preparedness of severely disabled children in affected areas

Area of Science:

• Disaster preparedness and response
• Child welfare
• Vulnerable populations

Background:

• The Great East Japan Earthquake highlighted a significant disparity in disaster impact, with disabled children being more than twice as likely to be victimized compared to the general population.
• Critical needs of disabled children, such as appropriate-sized diapers, were overlooked during the disaster, underscoring a gap in immediate support.
• The disaster revealed the necessity of effective coordination to disseminate information about needs and link individuals with essential support services.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the specific vulnerabilities and unmet needs of disabled children during the Great East Japan Earthquake.
• To identify key factors and strategies for improving disaster preparedness and response for children with disabilities.
• To emphasize the importance of integrating welfare considerations into disaster management frameworks.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative analysis of the disaster's impact on disabled children.
• Review of existing disaster preparedness manuals and response strategies.
• Case study approach focusing on the Great East Japan Earthquake and its aftermath.

Main Results:

• Disabled children faced disproportionately higher risks and unmet needs during the disaster.
• The critical role of coordinators in information dissemination and support linkage was evident.
• Existing disaster plans and manuals require revision to incorporate welfare perspectives, particularly for vulnerable groups.
• Community-based support networks and familiarity with disabled individuals proved crucial for effective assistance.

Conclusions:

• Disaster preparedness and response strategies must be fundamentally revised to include the specific needs of disabled children.
• Establishing welfare-focused evacuation areas and ensuring access to essential supplies are vital components of effective disaster management.
• Integrating disabled individuals into community structures and fostering pre-existing support networks are paramount for their safety and well-being during emergencies.